Tuesday, June 8

BEYOND ORIENTAL LIMITS: Characterizing Gender Roles in Contemporary Asian Melodramas

2:47 PM  chocoholiccynic  No comments

%3Cdiv+dir%3D%22ltr%22+style%3D%22text-align%3A+left%3B%22+trbidi%3D%22on%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22+style%3D%22line-height%3A+200%25%3B+text-align%3A+center%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22text-align%3A+auto%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22line-height%3A+normal%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22line-height%3A+32px%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22line-height%3A+normal%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22+style%3D%22line-height%3A+200%25%3B+text-align%3A+left%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22font-family%3A+%27Times+New+Roman%27%2C+serif%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22font-family%3A+Arial%3B+font-size%3A+small%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22font-size%3A+13px%3B+font-weight%3A+normal%3B+line-height%3A+normal%3B%22%3E*I+was+browsing+through+my+files+and+saw+the+term+paper+I+wrote+for+my+film+class.+%3A%29+It%27s+15+pages+long.+I+am+going+to+delete+the+file+already+so+I%27ll+save+a+copy+of+it+here+in+my+blog.%26nbsp%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22+style%3D%22line-height%3A+200%25%3B+text-align%3A+justify%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+style%3D%22font-family%3A+%27Times+New+Roman%27%2C+serif%3B+font-size%3A+11.5pt%3B+line-height%3A+200%25%3B%22%3E%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B+The+Asian+region+is+probably+one+of+the+most+influential+regions+in+the+world%2C+not+only+because+of+the+economic+relevance+of+the+country+that+it+consists+but+also+because+of+the+wide+array+of+cultures+that+are+distinct+from+one+another+which+can+aptly+represent+both+ends+of+the+spectrum.+Asian+culture+is+commonly+represented+in+mainstream+media+especially+in+films+and+news.+Various+products+and+masterpieces+have+been+released%2C+focusing+on+Asian+tradition+and+values+and+some+of+these+portray+%26nbsp%3Bthe+sexual+inequality+among+men+and+women+in+Asia.%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22+style%3D%22line-height%3A+200%25%3B+text-align%3A+justify%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+style%3D%22font-family%3A+%27Times+New+Roman%27%2C+serif%3B+font-size%3A+11.5pt%3B+line-height%3A+200%25%3B%22%3E%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B+The+purpose+of+this+paper+is+to+examine+the+stereotyping+of+gender+roles+in+contemporary+films+about+the+East+Asian+culture.+Two+movies+will+be+discussed+side+by+side+to+show+the+similarities+and+differences+of+East+Asian+gender+roles+in+the+perspective+of+Asian+filmmakers+and+their+Western+counterparts.+This+paper+tries+to+argue+that+certain+films+lose+the+value+of+the+messages+it+tries+to+convey+by+simply+adjusting+the+aspects+for+marketability+and+popularity+in+the+box+office.+Moreover%2C+most+films+contain+stereotypes+of+the+male+and+female+images+perpetuated+by+the+existing+social+norms.+Most+of+these+stereotypes+revolve+around+male+supremacy+and+reduction+of+women+as+an+object+of+sexuality+and+fetish+to+satisfy+men.+It+is%2C+however%2C+understood+that+this+paper+cannot+be+generalized+because+it+only+uses+two+films+for+comparison+namely+Raise+the+Red+Lantern+%281991%29+and+Memoirs+of+a+Geisha+%282005%29%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22+style%3D%22line-height%3A+200%25%3B+text-align%3A+justify%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cb+style%3D%22mso-bidi-font-weight%3A+normal%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+style%3D%22font-family%3A+%27Times+New+Roman%27%2C+serif%3B+font-size%3A+12pt%3B+line-height%3A+200%25%3B%22%3ERaise+the+Red+Lantern%3A+Sexuality+and+the+Locus+of+Power%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22line-height%3A+32px%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22line-height%3A+normal%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22+style%3D%22line-height%3A+200%25%3B+text-align%3A+justify%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sunacho.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2010%2F01%2F51WI%2BLTj5PL._SS500_.jpg%22+imageanchor%3D%221%22+style%3D%22clear%3A+left%3B+float%3A+left%3B+margin-bottom%3A+1em%3B+margin-right%3A+1em%3B%22%3E%3Cimg+border%3D%220%22+height%3D%22320%22+src%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sunacho.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2010%2F01%2F51WI%2BLTj5PL._SS500_.jpg%22+width%3D%22320%22+%2F%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3Cb+style%3D%22mso-bidi-font-weight%3A+normal%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+style%3D%22font-family%3A+%27Times+New+Roman%27%2C+serif%3B+font-size%3A+12pt%3B+line-height%3A+200%25%3B%22%3E%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B+%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fb%3E%3Cspan+style%3D%22font-family%3A+%27Times+New+Roman%27%2C+serif%3B+font-size%3A+12pt%3B+line-height%3A+200%25%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3ERaise+the+Red+Lantern%3C%2Fb%3E+is+a+brilliant+masterpiece+of+the+internationally-acclaimed+Chinese+director+Zhang+Yimou.+This+1991+film%2C+starring+Gong+Li+as+the+young+and+determined+Song+Lian%2C+was+based+on+a+novel+written+by+Su+Tong+entitled+%3Ci+style%3D%22mso-bidi-font-style%3A+normal%3B%22%3EWives+and+Concubines%3C%2Fi%3E.+Set+in+1920%E2%80%99s+Northern+China%2C+Raise+the+Red+Lantern+was+about+the+life+of+Song+Lian%2C+a+college+student+who+was+married+off+to+a+rich+man+who+belonged+to+the+Chen+family+after+her+father+died+and+left+them+in+debt.+With+hopes+before+of+making+a+better+future+for+herself+with+the+use+of+education%2C+Song+Lian+finds+herself+trapped+in+the+confines%26nbsp%3B+of+the+house%2C+where+tradition+and+familial+rules+reigned+and+where+her+education+was+definitely+out+of+place%26nbsp%3B+because+all+the+things+happening+around+her+contradicted+everything+that+she+acquired+from+school.+%3Cb+style%3D%22mso-bidi-font-weight%3A+normal%3B%22%3E%3Co%3Ap%3E%3C%2Fo%3Ap%3E%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22+style%3D%22line-height%3A+200%25%3B+text-align%3A+justify%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fcinematorium.files.wordpress.com%2F2009%2F01%2Fraise-the-red-lantern.jpg%22+imageanchor%3D%221%22+style%3D%22clear%3A+right%3B+float%3A+right%3B+margin-bottom%3A+1em%3B+margin-left%3A+1em%3B%22%3E%3Cimg+border%3D%220%22+height%3D%22221%22+src%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fcinematorium.files.wordpress.com%2F2009%2F01%2Fraise-the-red-lantern.jpg%22+width%3D%22400%22+%2F%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3Cspan+style%3D%22font-family%3A+%27Times+New+Roman%27%2C+serif%3B+font-size%3A+12pt%3B+line-height%3A+200%25%3B%22%3E%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B+The+plot+thickens+as+Song+Lian+discovers+how+putrid+the+existing+system+in+the+house+is+and+realizes+the+complicated+web+of+suspicions+and+deceit+this+system+creates+among+the+four+wives%2C+who+are+each+competing+for%26nbsp%3B+the+%E2%80%9Cmaster%E2%80%99s+%E2%80%9D+attention+and+favour.+She+finds+out+that+no+one+can+be+trusted+because+each+and+every+one+of+the+wives+has+no+other+motive+than+to+compete+for+the+%3Ci+style%3D%22mso-bidi-font-style%3A+normal%3B%22%3Ered+lanterns%3C%2Fi%3E+which+symbolized+the+seat+of+power+and+control+in+the+house.+Joining+in+the+competition%2C+Song+Lian+feigns+pregnancy+in+the+hope+of+receiving+the+master%E2%80%99s+full+attention+while+cunningly+plotting+to+make+her+non-existent+pregnancy+come+into+actuality.+This+act+however+was+thwarted+when+her+personal+maid%2C+who+was+secretly+in+love+with+the+Master+Chen+and+was+in+league+with+the+Second+Mistress%2C+finds+her+bloody+clothing+and+tells+on+her.%3C%2Fspan%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+style%3D%22font-family%3A+%27Times+New+Roman%27%2C+serif%3B+font-size%3A+12pt%3B+line-height%3A+200%25%3B%22%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%0D%0A%3Ca+href%3D%22%22+name%3D%22more%22%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3Cspan+style%3D%22font-family%3A+%27Times+New+Roman%27%2C+serif%3B+font-size%3A+12pt%3B+line-height%3A+200%25%3B%22%3E+%3Co%3Ap%3E%3C%2Fo%3Ap%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22+style%3D%22line-height%3A+200%25%3B+text-align%3A+justify%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+style%3D%22font-family%3A+%27Times+New+Roman%27%2C+serif%3B+font-size%3A+12pt%3B+line-height%3A+200%25%3B%22%3E%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B+%26nbsp%3B+%26nbsp%3B+%26nbsp%3B+%26nbsp%3BAs+the+story+progresses%2C+we+see+how+Song+Lian+transformed+from+an+idealistic+and+hopeful+university+student+to+a+woman+suffocating+from+the+rules+she+had+to+follow%2C+seeing+the+competition+between+the+wives+as+a+shallow+endeavour+that+is+really+irrelevant+to+the+essence+of+her+existence.+She+withdraws+herself+from+the+rest+of+the+world%2C+settles+in+solitude+and+refused+to+do+anything+anymore+to+gain+the+master%E2%80%99s+favour.+She+gets+drunk+one+night+and+blurts+out+about+the+illicit+love+affair+between+the+Third+Mistress+and+the+family+doctor.+The+scheming+Second+Mistress+hears+about+this+and+immediately+runs+to+tell+the+Master+Chen.+Based+on+family+tradition%2C+the+Third+Mistress+had+to+be+murdered+in+a+small+room+atop+the+house.+Song+Lian+witnesses+this+and+is+extremely+shaken+and+traumatized+because+of+what+happened.+The+movie+ends+in+a+scene+where+the+newly-arrived+Fifth+Wife+sees+Song+Lian+wearing+her+student+clothes+and+wandering+aimlessly+in+her+quarter%2C+apparently+losing+her+sanity.+%3Co%3Ap%3E%3C%2Fo%3Ap%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22+style%3D%22line-height%3A+200%25%3B+text-align%3A+justify%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+style%3D%22font-family%3A+%27Times+New+Roman%27%2C+serif%3B+font-size%3A+12pt%3B+line-height%3A+200%25%3B%22%3E%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%3Ciframe+align%3D%22left%22+frameborder%3D%220%22+marginheight%3D%220%22+marginwidth%3D%220%22+scrolling%3D%22no%22+src%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Frcm.amazon.com%2Fe%2Fcm%3Ft%3Drandomen-20%26amp%3Bo%3D1%26amp%3Bp%3D8%26amp%3Bl%3Dbpl%26amp%3Basins%3D0060596333%26amp%3Bfc1%3D000000%26amp%3BIS2%3D1%26amp%3Blt1%3D_blank%26amp%3Bm%3Damazon%26amp%3Blc1%3D0000FF%26amp%3Bbc1%3D000000%26amp%3Bbg1%3DFFFFFF%26amp%3Bf%3Difr%22+style%3D%22align%3A+left%3B+height%3A+245px%3B+padding-right%3A+10px%3B+padding-top%3A+5px%3B+width%3A+131px%3B%22%3E%3C%2Fiframe%3E%26nbsp%3BThe+reception+of+the+film+by+the+international+community+was+overwhelming.+It+was+said+that+the+film+%3Ci+style%3D%22mso-bidi-font-style%3A+normal%3B%22%3E%E2%80%9Ccemented+Zhang+Yimou%E2%80%99s+status+as+a+leading+figure+in+world+cinema+and+reaffirmed+the+vibrancy+of+Chinese+cinema%E2%80%9D+%3C%2Fi%3E%28Brenner%2C+2010%29.+Although+the+film+gathered+a+lot+of+controversies%2C+one+being+the+fact+that+it+was+banned+by+the+Chinese+government+for+supposedly+%E2%80%9Cindicting%E2%80%9D+the+status+quo+and+implicitly+criticizing+the+Communist+Government%2C+it+was+still+considered+one+of+the+most+beautiful+films+ever+created+in+Asian+cinema.+It+earned+a+lot+of+nominations+including+the+Best+Foreign+Language+Film+for+the+1992+Academy+Awards+and+Golden+Lion+for+Best+Film+for+the+1991+Venice+International+Film+Festival.+It+also+won+several+international+awards+such+as+the+Best+Foreign+Language+Film+for+the+1992+New+York+Film+Critics+Circle+and+the+Silver+Lion+for+Best+Director+%26nbsp%3Bin+the+1991+Venice+International+Film+Festival.+%3Co%3Ap%3E%3C%2Fo%3Ap%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22line-height%3A+32px%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22line-height%3A+normal%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22+style%3D%22line-height%3A+200%25%3B+text-align%3A+justify%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.littlechinastore.com%2Fimages%2Fgong_li_06.jpg%22+imageanchor%3D%221%22+style%3D%22clear%3A+left%3B+float%3A+left%3B+margin-bottom%3A+1em%3B+margin-right%3A+1em%3B%22%3E%3Cimg+border%3D%220%22+height%3D%22252%22+src%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.littlechinastore.com%2Fimages%2Fgong_li_06.jpg%22+width%3D%22320%22+%2F%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3Cspan+style%3D%22font-family%3A+%27Times+New+Roman%27%2C+serif%3B+font-size%3A+12pt%3B+line-height%3A+200%25%3B%22%3E%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B+The+movie+represented+a+lot+of+issues+in+society+including+the+hierarchies+of+gender+and+power%2C+the+longstanding+debate+about+the+preservation+and+relevance+of+tradition+and+rules+as+well+as+the+topic+of+submission+and+tyranny+of+the+existing+institutions+in+China+%28or+any+place+in+the+world%2C+for+that+matter%29.+It+was+said+that+the+movie+tells+about+%E2%80%9Can+archaic+system+that+rewards+those+who+play+within+the+rules+and+destroys+those+who+violate+them%E2%80%9D+%28Berardinelli%2C+1996%29.+Although+Yimou+denies+allegations+that+it+was+a+subtle+critic+of+how+the+Chinese+Communist+Party+runs+the+country+%E2%80%93+Song+Lian+representing+the+individual%3B+the+Chen+Household+representing+the+repressive+and+despotic+%E2%80%9Cgovernment%E2%80%9D+and+the+House+Rules+as+the+laws+of+the+land+%E2%80%93+several+movie+critics+and+reviews+insist+that+the+movie+had+a+hidden+political+message+concealed+in+the+interlocking+subplots+of+the+film.+%28Berardinelli%2C+1996%29%28+Heiter%2C+2004%29+%28+Wilkinson%2C+2006%29%3Co%3Ap%3E%3C%2Fo%3Ap%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22+style%3D%22line-height%3A+200%25%3B+text-align%3A+justify%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+style%3D%22font-family%3A+%27Times+New+Roman%27%2C+serif%3B+font-size%3A+12pt%3B+line-height%3A+200%25%3B%22%3E%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B+Putting+the+governmental+critique+of+the+film+aside%2C+we+can+also+see+the+evident+power+play+of+gender+roles+in+the+film.+The+images+of+the+four+women+were+juxtaposed+with+the+image+of+this+faceless+man+who+emanated+so+much+power+that+he+can+define+the+status+of+each+woman+in+the+house.+In+his+hand+lies+the+fate+and+status+of+the+four+wives+and+he+alone+can+determine+the+temporary+locus+of+power+in+the+household.+If+we+take+this+imagery+out+of+the+film+and+put+it+in+plain+black+and+white%2C+we+can+evidently+see+the+hierarchy+of+power+among+gender+that+is+being+perpetuated+by+the+status+quo.+This+is+typical+of+the+East+Asian+treatment+of+the+female+gender+as+inferior+to+the+male+gender.+%26nbsp%3BThe+male+gender+is+the+all+powerful+symbol+whereas+the+female+gender+only+depends+on+the+former+to+define+her+position+in+the+sphere+of+interaction+in+society.+%3Co%3Ap%3E%3C%2Fo%3Ap%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22+style%3D%22line-height%3A+200%25%3B+text-align%3A+justify%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fgi108.photobucket.com%2Fgroups%2Fn6%2FFBUEI4ZDQR%2F045-capt5.jpg%22+imageanchor%3D%221%22+style%3D%22clear%3A+right%3B+float%3A+right%3B+margin-bottom%3A+1em%3B+margin-left%3A+1em%3B%22%3E%3Cimg+border%3D%220%22+height%3D%22221%22+src%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fgi108.photobucket.com%2Fgroups%2Fn6%2FFBUEI4ZDQR%2F045-capt5.jpg%22+width%3D%22400%22+%2F%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3Cspan+style%3D%22font-family%3A+%27Times+New+Roman%27%2C+serif%3B+font-size%3A+12pt%3B+line-height%3A+200%25%3B%22%3E%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B+The+film+showed+several+critique+of+the+existing+norms+in+the+Chinese+society%2C+more+specifically+the+oppressive+Confucian+tradition.+According+to+Neo+%282004%29%2C+Yimou+brilliantly+uses+the+Confucian%2Ffeminist+matrix+in+the+film+which+%E2%80%9C%3Ci+style%3D%22mso-bidi-font-style%3A+normal%3B%22%3Ehighlights+the+ineffectualness+and+oppressiveness+of+the+Chinese+Confucian+System%3C%2Fi%3E%E2%80%9D.+Confucianism%2C+which+is+a+patriarchal+ideology%2C+emphasizes+on+rigid+class+and+gender+delineation%2C+heavy+priority+on+male+heir+and+importance+of+traditions+and+customs.+In+Confucian+tradition%2C+women+are+treated+as+objects+and+are+not+free+to+make+the+major+choices+in+their+life.+They+are+used+simply+to+satisfy+the+sexual+appetite+of+men+and+provide+a+vessel+for+a+male+heir.+Therefore%2C+%3Ci+style%3D%22mso-bidi-font-style%3A+normal%3B%22%3E%E2%80%9Cwhen+women+gain+their+identity+and+stations+in+life+from+this+oppressive+structure%2C+they+in+turn%2C+gain+satisfaction+from+enforcing+these+customs+and+rules+on+less+powerful+women%E2%80%9D+%3C%2Fi%3E%28Neo%2C+2004%29%3Co%3Ap%3E%3C%2Fo%3Ap%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22line-height%3A+32px%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22Apple-style-span%22+style%3D%22line-height%3A+normal%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22+style%3D%22line-height%3A+200%25%3B+text-align%3A+justify%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Farchive.sensesofcinema.com%2Fimages%2F04%2Fcteq%2Fraise_red_lantern.jpg%22+imageanchor%3D%221%22+style%3D%22clear%3A+left%3B+float%3A+left%3B+margin-bottom%3A+1em%3B+margin-right%3A+1em%3B%22%3E%3Cimg+border%3D%220%22+height%3D%22306%22+src%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Farchive.sensesofcinema.com%2Fimages%2F04%2Fcteq%2Fraise_red_lantern.jpg%22+width%3D%22400%22+%2F%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3Cspan+style%3D%22font-family%3A+%27Times+New+Roman%27%2C+serif%3B+font-size%3A+12pt%3B+line-height%3A+200%25%3B%22%3E%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B+%26nbsp%3B+%26nbsp%3B+Several+objects+in+the+film+showed+male+supremacy+in+the+Chinese+Culture.+The+foot+massage+was+utilized+as+a+fetish+for+both+the+patriarch+and+the+wives.Thematically%2C+it+was+a+symbol+of+power+and+privileged%2C+given+to+the+woman+because+the+master+chose+to+spend+the+night+with+her.+%26nbsp%3B%3Cspan+class%3D%22apple-style-span%22%3E%3Cspan+style%3D%22color%3A+black%3B%22%3EAs+Neo+%282004%29+points+out%2C+the+woman+is+paradoxically+the+mechanism+by+which+the+man+achieves+phallic+wholeness%2C+from+and+through+which+he+derives+pleasure%3B+yet+at+the+same+time+renouncing+it.+The+number+of+wives+was+also+another+form+of+fetish+for+the+man+as+a+greater+affirmation+of+his+masculinity.+The+affair+of+the+Third+Wife+served+as+a+threat+to+the+existing+patriarchal+system+because+she+%E2%80%9Cassumes+the+%E2%80%98phallic%E2%80%99+power+that+men+enjoyed+and+should+therefore+be+removed+or+executed.+Fetishes+were+rooted+from+a+fear+of+castration+and+the+execution+of+the+%E2%80%9Cthreat%E2%80%9D+represented+the+ultimate+form+of+castration+in+the+society.+The+foot+also+represented+another+aspect+of+male+dominance+because+of+the+undeniable+metonymic+relationship+between+the+foot+and+sexuality+in+Chinese+Culture.+It+has+always+been+believed+that+a+smaller+foot+is+correlated+to+a+smaller+vagina%2C+which+is+in+turn+better+for+men.+Foot-binding+among+rich+women+were+done+to+keep+them+idle+and+controlled+by+men.%26nbsp%3B+The+foot+massage+served+as+a+symbol+for+the+foot-binding+tradition.+It+was+seen+less+as+a+reward+for+women+because+it+greater+serves+the+interest+of+the+Master+Chen+by+being+a+type+of+%E2%80%9Cforeplay%E2%80%9D+for+the+vagina+as+a+%E2%80%9Creceptacle+for+the+penis%E2%80%9D.+%28Fong%2C+1995%3A16%29+%3Co%3Ap%3E%3C%2Fo%3Ap%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22+style%3D%22line-height%3A+200%25%3B+text-align%3A+justify%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+class%3D%22apple-style-span%22%3E%3Cspan+style%3D%22color%3A+black%3B+font-family%3A+%27Times+New+Roman%27%2C+serif%3B+font-size%3A+12pt%3B+line-height%3A+200%25%3B%22%3E%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%3Ciframe+align%3D%22left%22+frameborder%3D%220%22+marginheight%3D%220%22+marginwidth%3D%220%22+scrolling%3D%22no%22+src%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Frcm.amazon.com%2Fe%2Fcm%3Ft%3Drandomen-20%26amp%3Bo%3D1%26amp%3Bp%3D8%26amp%3Bl%3Dbpl%26amp%3Basins%3D0060596333%26amp%3Bfc1%3D000000%26amp%3BIS2%3D1%26amp%3Blt1%3D_blank%26amp%3Bm%3Damazon%26amp%3Blc1%3D0000FF%26amp%3Bbc1%3D000000%26amp%3Bbg1%3DFFFFFF%26amp%3Bf%3Difr%22+style%3D%22align%3A+left%3B+height%3A+245px%3B+padding-right%3A+10px%3B+padding-top%3A+5px%3B+width%3A+131px%3B%22%3E%3C%2Fiframe%3E%26nbsp%3B%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out+things+that+should+be+done+to+stop+to+unjust+patriarchal+society+that+is+prevalent+in+Chinese+society.+It+stirs+the+audience%E2%80%99s+emotions+and+was+true+to+Chinese+culture+in+every+aspect%2C+never+going+astray+to+traditional+beliefs+and+practices+while+at+the+same+time+criticizing+the+said+practices+for+socialization+and+political+purposes.+It+had+what+%3Ci+style%3D%22mso-bidi-font-style%3A+normal%3B%22%3EMemoirs+%3C%2Fi%3Elacked%3A+connection+to+the+audience.+It+was+slow-paced+and+yet+captivating.%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+200%25%3B+margin-bottom%3A+6.0pt%3B+margin-left%3A+0in%3B+margin-right%3A+0in%3B+margin-top%3A+4.8pt%3B+text-align%3A+justify%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%26nbsp%3B%3Ciframe+align%3D%22left%22+frameborder%3D%220%22+marginheight%3D%220%22+marginwidth%3D%220%22+scrolling%3D%22no%22+src%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Frcm.amazon.com%2Fe%2Fcm%3Ft%3Drandomen-20%26amp%3Bo%3D1%26amp%3Bp%3D8%26amp%3Bl%3Dbpl%26amp%3Basins%3DB000TGJ808%26amp%3Bfc1%3D000000%26amp%3BIS2%3D1%26amp%3Blt1%3D_blank%26amp%3Bm%3Damazon%26amp%3Blc1%3D0000FF%26amp%3Bbc1%3D000000%26amp%3Bbg1%3DFFFFFF%26amp%3Bf%3Difr%22+style%3D%22align%3A+left%3B+height%3A+245px%3B+padding-right%3A+10px%3B+padding-top%3A+5px%3B+width%3A+131px%3B%22%3E%3C%2Fiframe%3E%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B+On+the+symbolis%3Ciframe+align%3D%22left%22+frameborder%3D%220%22+marginheight%3D%220%22+marginwidth%3D%220%22+scrolling%3D%22no%22+src%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Frcm.amazon.com%2Fe%2Fcm%3Ft%3Drandomen-20%26amp%3Bo%3D1%26amp%3Bp%3D8%26amp%3Bl%3Dbpl%26amp%3Basins%3DB000PMFS6O%26amp%3Bfc1%3D000000%26amp%3BIS2%3D1%26amp%3Blt1%3D_blank%26amp%3Bm%3Damazon%26amp%3Blc1%3D0000FF%26amp%3Bbc1%3D000000%26amp%3Bbg1%3DFFFFFF%26amp%3Bf%3Difr%22+style%3D%22align%3A+left%3B+height%3A+245px%3B+padding-right%3A+10px%3B+padding-top%3A+5px%3B+width%3A+131px%3B%22%3E%3C%2Fiframe%3Ems+used%2C+both+films+have+similarities+in+portraying+the+gender+stereotypes+in+society.+Both+showed+a+social+hierarchy+where+men+are+at+the+top+and+women+are+subjugated%2C+controlled+and+required+to+wait+on+men.+Similar+to+Memoirs%2C+Raise+the+Red+Lantern+focused+on+the+female+as+a+sexual+object+to+satisfy+men%E2%80%99s+thirst.+Both+characters+were+moved+by+men%3A%26nbsp%3B+Sayuri+inspired+to+get+the+Chairman%E2%80%99s+attention+and+favour+%28as+well+as+every+other+man%29+while+Song+Lian+motivated+to+get+Master+Chen%E2%80%99s+attention+to+gain+the+privileges+that+chosen+wives+are+entitled+to.+Sayuri+and+Song+Lian+represented+the+subdued+female+while+Master+Chen+and+the+Chairman+represented+the+%E2%80%9Calphamale%E2%80%9D%2C+in+control+of+the+situation.%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+200%25%3B+margin-bottom%3A+6.0pt%3B+margin-left%3A+0in%3B+margin-right%3A+0in%3B+margin-top%3A+4.8pt%3B+text-align%3A+justify%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B+More+similarities+in+this+gender-related+power+struggle+can+be+pointed+out+in+the+movies.+Both+showed+the+battle+of+supremacy+among+and+between+the+sexes.+In+the+case+of+Raise+the+Red+Lantern%2C+the+wives+try+to+win+the+master%E2%80%99s+favour%2C+thereby+acquiring+relative+%E2%80%9Cpower%E2%80%9D+from+him.+The+wives+aim+to+produce+a+male+heir+to+be+in+control+of+the+situation.+This+is+similar+to+the+geisha%E2%80%99s%2C+working+hard+to+earn+the+favour+of+their+customers.+Sayuri+worked+so+hard+to+get+the+attention+of+Nobu%2C+which+was+just+a+means+to+reach+her+end%3A+getting+in+touch+and+spending+the+rest+of+her+life+with+the+Chairman.+Geisha%E2%80%99s+have+to+remain+pure+and+desirable+because+their+value+is+determined+by+the+male+customers+that+book+them.+Similarly%2C+in+Raise+the+Red+Lantern+and+Memoirs%2C+power+struggle+between+the+female+%26nbsp%3Bcharacters+was+present%3B+the+competition+and+games+of+deceit+by+the+four+wives+and+the+competition+between+Sayuri+and+Hatsumomo%2C+respectively.+In+both+cases%2C+each+character+tries+to+rise+above+the+other+in+a+need+to+pronounce+their+position+in+the+hierarchy+of+power+distribution+in+their+environment.+They+were+pitted+against+one+another+but+still+at+the+very+end%2C+the+female+image+submits+to+the+male%2C+showing+how+the+former+is+subsumed+in+a+larger+order+where+the+latter+reigns+and+the+former+resigns.%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+style%3D%22line-height%3A+200%25%3B+margin-bottom%3A+6.0pt%3B+margin-left%3A+0in%3B+margin-right%3A+0in%3B+margin-top%3A+4.8pt%3B+text-align%3A+justify%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B%26nbsp%3B+One+issue+needed+to+be+pointed+out+is+the+importance+of+language+in+the+film.+Most+people+argue+that+genuineness+of+a+film+lies+on+the+medium+it+used+to+convey+the+messages.+Others+claim+that+the+fault+of+Memoirs+was+the+use+of+English+instead+of+Japanese.+They+said+that+it+was+detrimental+to+the+effectiveness+of+the+movie+because+it+made+it+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